WASP-39b is the first exoplanet in which carbon dioxide has been detected. Sulfur dioxide was observed in this planet's atmosphere for the first time, or indeed of any planet outside of the Solar System, indicating the existence of photochemical processes in the atmosphere. WASP-39b is one of the James Webb Space Telescope's early release science targets. High-fidelity spectra obtained by the James Webb Space Telescope in 2022 did not confirm a disequilibrium chemistry. The atmospheric transmission spectra, taken by different instruments, were inconsistent as in 2021, possibly indicating a disequilibrium atmospheric chemistry. Hot water molecules were found in the atmosphere of WASP-39b in a 2018 study. Kepler-131 c should have a radius of about 0.8 Earth & thus a volume of about 0.512 Earth and so with a mass of 8.25 plus or minus 5.9 times the mass of Earth it should have a density between about 4.5898 and 27.6368 times Earth's density, 25.308 to 152.388 grams per cubic centimeter.Īnd since the calculated density of Kepler-131 c was so unbelievably large, I have to wonder if anyone has tried to measure its radius and/or mass again since 2014.WASP-39b's atmospheric transmission spectrum captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) reveals first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in a planet outside the Solar System. Table 2 lists all of the best-fit planet parameters. Certainly the mass of Kepler-131c remains highly uncertain. Posterior mass distribution, yielding M < 20.0 M⊕. The mass of Kepler-131c from the 95th percentile of the The density is unphysically large, and hence the mass is too large, indeedĪ detection at less than 2σ. Of the posterior mass distribution at M = 8.25 ± 5.9 Self-consistent fit of RVs and photometry yields a peak Second planet shows up in the RVs only marginally. Of an RV detection of the 16 d planet giving a mass ofġ6.1 ± 3.5 M⊕, and a density of 6.0 ± 2.0 g cm−3įind a similar mass and density whether we fit this planetīy itself or with the second planet simultaneously. (Figure 30, top) and are listed, along with their The RV measurements for Kepler-131 span 741 days Periods of 16.0 and 25.5 d and radii 2.4 and 0.8 R⊕ Kepler identified two transiting planets with orbital On page 23 they discuss the two planets of Kepler-131: Wikipedia's list of exoplanet extremes lists the densest exoplanet as Kepler-131 c, with a highly uncertain density of 77.7 plus or minus 55 grams per cubic centimeter - between 22 and 132 grams per cubic centimeter. The corresponding bulk density is 8.106 ± 2.165 grams per cubic centimeter-close to that of iron. GJ 367b has a radius of 0.718 ± 0.054 Earth-radii and a mass of 0.546 ± 0.078 Earth-masses, making it a sub-Earth planet. Iron has a density of 7.874 grams per cubic centimeter.Īccording to NASA, GJ 367 b has a mass of 0.546 Earths and a radius of 0.718 Earth, which would give it 0.3701462 the volume of Earth and a density of 1.475 Earth or about 8.13366 grams per cubic centimeter. With those measurements, they were able to predict its interior structure – it probably has an iron core that takes up about 86 per cent of its radius, similar to Mercury’s strangely huge iron core.Īccording to those rough figures, the planet would have at least 0.5 of Earth's mass in about 0.373248 of Earth's volume, and thus about 1.33959 of Earth's density - 7.3865 grams per cubic centimeter. They found that the exoplanet has a radius about 72 per cent of Earth’s and a mass just over half our planet’s mass. Planet GJ 367 b is also considered to be very dense. 55 Cancri e is also coplanar with b.Īnd the density is given as 6.66 grams per cubic centimeter, giving this as the source: The transit shows that its inclination is about 83.4 ± 1.7, so the real mass is close to the minimum. The radial velocity method used to detect 55 Cancri e obtains the minimum mass of 7.8 times that of Earth, 2 or 48% of the mass of Neptune. With 8.396 Earth mass and twice the diameter of Earth 55 Cancri e would have 1.0495 times the density of Earth, or 5.7869 grams per cubic centimeter. The mass of the exoplanet is about 8.63 Earth masses and its diameter is about twice that of the Earth, 2 thus classifying it as the first super-Earth discovered around a main sequence star, predating Gliese 876 d by a year. Lead has a density at room temperature of about 11.34 grams per cubic centimeter. Since the density of Earth is 5.514 grams per cubic centimeter, 55 Cancri e should have a density of 10.769531 grams per cubic centimeter. 55 Cancri e is said to be 60 percent larger in diameter than Earth but have 8 times, the mass, making it twice as dense as Earth, and almost as dense as lead.Īccording to those figures it would have 8 times the mass of Earth in 4.096 times the volume, or 1.953125 times Earth's density.
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